from Hacker News

A 50-Year Quest: My Personal Journey with the Second Law of Thermodynamics

by sopchi on 2/2/23, 11:42 PM with 5 comments

  • by sdwr on 2/3/23, 3:13 AM

    I remember being thrilled by his 2015(?) piece (the really long "cellular automata as universal foundation" one).

    Felt like a proper stab at combining physics + CS, thin on details, but fertile ground. Wolfram is an explorer there, barely charting the edges of an unknown continent.

    The speed of light, light cones, and speed/time equivalence make a ton of sense through the lens of updates propagating through a grid of cells.

    Don't remember the QM part so well, but from what I do remember, he proposes that probability/alternate timelines are subject to the same computational constraints over probability space, that physical objects have in real space.

    As an aside, entangled particles were only ever a conceptual issue, right? From an engineering perspective they seem completely practical.

  • by machina_ex_deus on 2/3/23, 11:38 AM

    I think it's pretty obvious that the second law comes from reversibility of the microscopic laws.

    In classical mechanics, Liouville's theorem makes phase space density incompressible, so you get that entropy always increases. In quantum mechanics, unitarity gives the same incompressibility - the density matrix change with time is multiplying by a unitary matrix left and right, which preserves the eigenvalues, so the entropy, being sum of the log of eigenvalues, stays the same.

    The opposite is also obvious: in a system which is irreversible, look at an ensemble of two states which evolve to a single state. The entropy before was 1 bit, after the evolution it's 0 bits. So the system violates the second law.