from Hacker News

Job interview questions engineers should ask, but don't

by james_impliu on 6/28/22, 12:45 PM with 223 comments

  • by Barrera on 6/28/22, 2:08 PM

    A lot of this can be simplified to three questions:

    1. What problem is your company solving?

    If you don't get an answer, beware. If the answer sounds vague, beware. If the answer makes no sense, beware. If the answer is multifaceted, beware. This suggests that the company will not even begin the process of becoming profitable.

    2. Who has this problem?

    You should get a clear picture of an actual person. If not, beware. If that person has no money, beware. If that person has no pull within an organization, beware. If that person is high maintenance or fickle, beware. This suggests that the company will never find the revenue they seek.

    3. What's your solution?

    If the solution doesn't actually address the problem, beware. If the solution is too expensive for the customer, beware. If the solution can't be differentiated from its competitors, beware. If the solution has no competitors, beware. If there are a dozen solutions, beware. This suggests that no matter how amazing the technology or technical team, the company will not be able to execute on its business plan.

  • by hn_version_0023 on 6/28/22, 7:37 PM

    One question I always ask, that seems to always get good results:

    "Are you happy here?"

    Have you ever watched an interviewer change from upbeat to depressed in moments? Have you ever seen a person turn a shade of grey? Have you ever watched your interviewers start to argue about what the meaning of true happiness might be, before conceding that neither of them were happy?

    My all time favorite, from a gentleman at TD Waterhouse, nearly 20 years ago:

    "Is anyone really ever happy at work?"

    They made an offer, I didn't accept. Nearly everyone in Corporate America looks visibly depressed. Doubly so in our new COVID world.

    Someone remind me what the point of all this is again? Because I'm not really sure I get it anymore.

  • by viraptor on 6/28/22, 1:56 PM

    For a large list of not-startup-oriented questions, I maintain a collection here: https://github.com/viraptor/reverse-interview/
  • by ChrisMarshallNY on 6/28/22, 2:04 PM

    A lot of these questions seem to be ones aimed at startups. I think they are good ones, but won't necessarily map to more established companies.

    In the "How strong is the team?" section:

    > "Can you tell me about the team I'd be working with most closely?"

    > "How do you compensate the team?"

    > "How do you attract and retain really strong hires?"

    > "Do you share board slides with the team?"

    I'd add:

    > "Who's been here the longest?"

    and:

    > "What's the median tenure of the engineering team?"

    I'd apply these directly to the team I'd be working on. These can tell you a bit about the management culture.

    And that depends almost entirely on the personality, experience, and style of individual managers. I know of what I speak. I was a very good manager, and kept senior-level engineers for many years, despite the corporation, itself, having a rather employee-hostile culture.

    IMNSHO, Management culture is even more important than team culture.

  • by Iv on 6/28/22, 6:54 PM

    I am not sure if I am cynical or humble here, but my question is "Why would anyone care?".

    First, the company is hiring an engineer, not a CTO or a head of marketing. Why would they consider my input valid? Even in my field of expertise I have no idea of the size of markets or of the big players strategy there. Trying to keep afloat of the tech is hard enough.

    Second, if interviewing as an employee and not a business associate, you don't really care if the company becomes the next Facebook or, as is likely, goes into oblivion in 5 years. Know your incentives: if you don't have stock, you don't care about the company's success. Want employees that care? Give them incentives.

    Third, half of the founders I have met have inflated egos, delusions and/or personality issues. Never trust one who says they welcome honest feedback, especially during interviews. There is nothing in for you to gain and everything to lose.

    "These questions are direct, but a company that reacts badly to them may not be a good place to work." Disagree. A company with a non workable business plan can be a fantastic place to work in as the investor money burns through the various vanity project of middle managers. There are a lot much more relevant red flags to look out to anticipate a toxic workplace.

    In general, only give feedback when explicitly asked for it or once you understand the inner power dynamics of the place.

  • by itsmemattchung on 6/28/22, 2:02 PM

    > Does the company have product-market fit?

    Interviewee: "Does the company have product-market fit?"

    Interviewer: "Yes, we own Wholefoods, Ring, the entire internet cloud ecosystem"

    Interviewee: "How much runway does the company have?"

    Interviewer: "We have 86.2 billion. Should last us a while"

    Interviewee: "What's in store in the future?"

    Interviewer: "Take over every market segment" ... Interviewee: "Great, where do I sign?"

  • by pojzon on 6/28/22, 2:09 PM

    I love this question:

    > How strong is the team?

    I've actually asked it always on every interview. The generic answer I get is that "You will be working with experts in the field" yada yada.

    When you actually join the team:

    - Two juniors

    - Few 20 years experience dudes that finished their growth at "Cobol is the best" with "Mainframe" T-Shirt on them

    - And the same manager that hired you! (Avoiding eye contact)

    So yea, one salary later you are on the new hunt for new job. I don't understand why ppl lie so much during interviews. It's a employee market, if I don't want to waste my time with teams like that -> it's a 100hunder I'll jump the ship ASAP.

  • by ivraatiems on 6/28/22, 3:53 PM

    Two questions I like to ask in job interviews:

    1. What kind of person would not work out well in this role?

    2. Think back to your previous job/career/life before this company. What's one thing you'd like this company to have or do that you had or did before?

    I ask these because I want to know where pain points are for the team/company I am considering, but I can't just out and out say "what are your problems?" because nobody will answer honestly. I've learned some interesting things.

  • by donatj on 6/28/22, 2:26 PM

    The most important to me, no joke, "Is there free coffee?"

    It's such a simple, easy and cheap morale and productivity booster to give your employees. If there isn't free coffee, it's not a place you want to work because they're skimping on their employees.

  • by conartist on 6/29/22, 12:11 AM

    This is my favorite question to ask if I feel the company is a fit and I want to work there:

    - Now you've had a chance to get to know me, is there any reason you think I wouldn't be a suitable candidate for this role.

    Surprisingly people are super honest when I ask this and it let's you clear up an miscommunication or simply acknowledge that there reason is probably true and pitch how you would overcome it.

  • by rideontime on 6/28/22, 2:29 PM

    Oh lord. I know this is off-topic and will probably get killed, but somebody really should have googled "post hog" before settling on a name for this company.

    e: If you do change the name please keep "hog" in there, that mascot is adorable

  • by cduzz on 6/28/22, 1:43 PM

    Also:

    "how do you manage employee performance evaluations? What is the career advancement process like?" (if someone's got a better way to determine if a place does stack ranking without directly asking I'd love to hear it)....

  • by kevin_nisbet on 6/28/22, 5:10 PM

    When talking to startups, a question I love to ask is what are you not working on.

    The basic premise is Startups have limited resources, so in many ways what are you consciously not working on is as important as what you are working on. While not indicative on it's own, if a early stage startup tells me they're working on say AWS, and Google, and Azure, and on-premises, it creates an area to probe further that they might not be careful about selecting the right thing to work on next which does become a red flag.

  • by arwhatever on 6/29/22, 4:03 AM

    "What are some notable duties is the employee expected to perform, outside of software development?" I worked at one place that expected software developers to stock orders in the warehouse, and to take phone calls in the call center.

    "Tell me about a recent time the team was allocated time to resolve some technical debt. Tell me about a recent time the team was NOT allocated time to resolve some technical debt." I worked at once place which shifted from outsource to in-house software development, discovered that some of the primary html views of the website were built using a jumble of string concatenation, and to add a new feature using the existing string concatenation.

    "What percentage of my time will I spend coding in this role?" Worked at one place which assigned excessive non-coding bureaucratic duties to developers.

    "How often do you release software?" Worked at once place which did not release anything for the 1.5 years that I was there.

    "How do you incorporate the lessons learned partway through a project into the remainder of the project work?" Worked at one place that could not pivot due to inability to admit that they didn't have a perfect plan from Day 1.

    "Tell me about some advanced design patterns that you don't use." Worked on a team that used every advanced design pattern that mankind had ever given name to, each in 200 places without an iota of consideration to the costs that go along with the potential benefits.

    "Do you plan on shifting your entire tech stack into something else that can scarcely be considered software development?" Self-explanatory, but has happened to me 2x now, so be on the lookout.

    Fifteen+ years into my career, I've discovered that every job will give you one or more damn good reasons to move on, and each of these lessons above took 1-2 years to learn, so my latest strategy is just optimizing for pay rate. :-)

  • by throwaway5752 on 6/28/22, 5:14 PM

    Don't ask a question that you could search for and easily find. It will not reflect well on you.

    Think of those questions in advance, do your due-diligence, and ask questions based on what you couldn't find, or follow ups from your research on the company. It will set you apart from other candidates.

  • by rockostrich on 6/28/22, 2:02 PM

    > Does the company have product-market fit?

    At a start-up, sure. At any company past Series C, you should know this before talking to anyone. The other questions here are fine, especially the revenue and DAU one. Even better questions are "what's your payback period?" and "what's the company's path to profitability?" Revenue doesn't matter if the company is burning 2x the money to get it.

    > How much runway does the company have? Does their spending look within reason?

    Kinda the same as asking about the path to profitability except also takes into account if the company can live to get there.

    > What's the culture like?

    I get asked this question and similar questions to the ones listed by almost every engineering candidate I've interviewed in the past 5 years...

    > How strong is the team?

    I think it's a good question but if you're just looking for someone to tell you how great the team is then you're better off not asking it. I think almost all interview questions should be asked with some level of doubt and in hopes of getting an honest answer. Also, the level of honesty matters. If you ask the engineering manager this question and they throw certain folks under the bus then you should run.

    > What's in store in the future?

    This (and more frequently the first 2 questions under it) gets asked in plenty of interviews. People want to know what they'll be working on and what kind of impact they'll have.

    The "Do you plan to sell the company?" question under this one makes it seem like these were all supposed to be directed at a CEO/founder. I wouldn't ask this question because even if the answer is honest it'll be ambiguous. No one is going to say they're dead set on selling the company if there's still funding rounds on the horizon but they also won't rule it out because they need to give the compensation package some hope for liquidity.

  • by pm90 on 6/28/22, 2:12 PM

    “What does your OC rotation look like? If you get paged after hours, what actions do you take to ensure it doesn’t happen again?”

    This is my favorite question since it isn’t something you can generally lie about.

  • by omarhaneef on 6/28/22, 1:43 PM

    okay, I expected to read another list of 7 questions to ask but this list is really excellent: each question made me think "yes, of course that should be asked and probably is not!"

    And this is not just for engineers. I think anyone joining a startup, or new division of a company, would benefit from thinking through these questions.

  • by treis on 6/28/22, 1:58 PM

    #1 can your site handle the HN hug of death?

    Archive link:

    https://web.archive.org/web/20220628135027/https://posthog.c...

  • by froggertoaster on 6/28/22, 1:58 PM

    Clickbait title - the first two questions are clearly questions to ask startups only.

    Not every engineering role is for a startup.

  • by red_admiral on 6/28/22, 2:12 PM

    Another one I'd ask, unless it's in a country that mandates this by law: how many days of annual leave do people get as a minimum? If you get some vague answer like "as much or as little as they need" that doesn't include a number, then assume that number is zero in practice. You might or might not still want to work there, but you should take this into account.
  • by bigwavedave on 6/28/22, 2:49 PM

    There've been a lot of additional great questions proposed in these comments! The one I like to ask the most has 2-parts:

    1. "Why is this position open?"

    and if the answer is anything other than "we're doubling the size of our company", I like to follow up with:

    2. "Tell me about the last person who had this role."

    The way #2 gets answered can usually tell me a lot about the culture.

  • by twawaaay on 6/28/22, 7:25 PM

    For me the eye opener is working with actual owners of the company that is profitable, is constantly growing, offers an honest product that is designed to provide maximum value to clients. We literally have no marketing and have to turn down clients because we can't grow fast enough.

    No politics, just pure honesty and problem solving.

    I will probably never again want to work for the company where the management has to please a lot of other people, make suboptimal (read: "stupid") decisions just for the optics of it and where there are no people you can talk to that have absolute decision power and the only goal being the good of the company.

  • by kabdib on 6/28/22, 5:32 PM

    I interviewed at a startup decades ago and talked with the CEO for about an hour. I asked questions about their customers, their competitors, their investors, and the technical challenges he thought his company had. I didn't ask for hard numbers ("How much money do you have in the bank?")

    Feedback from my hiring manager was that the CEO was very impressed.

    (This is the same place that later "extinguished" my paid-for stock options after I left, and is now a multi-billion dollar company. To hell with them).

  • by brainwipe on 6/28/22, 3:21 PM

    If interviewing at SMEs, tread with care - the people interviewing you won't necessarily have good answers at their finger tips and that isn't necessarily a red flag.
  • by mrfusion on 6/28/22, 1:53 PM

    I remember an interview with a startup where I couldn’t figure out what their product was and they got more and more annoyed with my questions.

    I ended up with something with the cloud.

  • by TimPC on 6/28/22, 4:15 PM

    Of course a start-up is asking you to ask the questions that lead you to a rose-coloured view of their equity. Most start-ups fail and most that do exit make small gains after investment capital. It’s possible to get rich by betting on the right unicorn but for the most part you should assume you will get minimal value from your equity and only accept a job offer if it’s attractive enough if the equity goes to zero.

    Publicly traded companies on the other hand general have equity that somewhat reliably converts to cash. Don’t take roles where so much of your compensation is equity that you have substantial market risk but do expect to get some actual cash from this type of compensation. This disparity makes publicly traded companies more attractive as the chances of you getting $400k when you want it from $200k of salary and $200k of equity is far higher.

    Start-ups are attractive if they give you additional responsibilities at an early stage of your career or otherwise improve your career trajectory. They are usually bad choices for senior people interested in optimizing earnings.

  • by raffraffraff on 6/29/22, 6:08 AM

    Recently I've added some rather stupid ones, for reasons that should be obvious:

    1. Describe your git branching strategy

    2. Who releases software, how (is it packaged / deployed), and how often?

    3. Do you have dev/test environments?

    4. Do you keep configuration out of your code? How? Example: IaC.

    5. Describe a typical incident. How do you find out about it, who gets the first alert, how does it get resolved and how (do?) you follow up afterwards?

    6. What does the oncall rota look like? Follow the sun or (immediate end of discussion) 24h?

    7. Do you have superheroes (people who have been around since forever, that everybody says "well I hope <superhero> doesn't get hit by a bus, because then we'd be really effed")?

    8. What is the engineering staff turnover for the last 12 months? What about for the team I'm interviewing for?

    9. What are the top challenges facing this team (and wider engineering team) right now? (Not only within their problem domain, but outside it, eg communication, coordination, outages, observability, direction)

  • by lgleason on 6/28/22, 9:39 PM

    One I alway like to ask is if they press charges ;). (For those who never saw it, this is from Deep Thoughts by Jack Handy)
  • by skeeter2020 on 6/28/22, 3:53 PM

    No company is going to answer "do you have product-market fit" with a "no". First, it's not like you hit some sort of binary inflection point where you don't have it then do. Second, even if indicators appear to point to some traction, it's a set of plateaus, some that may be permanent. If you don't know the internal details about expectations, funding, commitments, etc. you have no way if knowing that a 3-month upward trend is PMF. Finally, every company will frame their progress in the best light, even if that means subconscious outright lies.

    I personally think you're better asking what are you trying to do, coming to your own conclusion as to if it's a real problem that you personally believe in, asking what they've accomplished and why THIS COMPANY is better positioned to succeed.

  • by edouard-harris on 6/28/22, 2:15 PM

    These are great questions to ask any early-stage startup you're considering working for. The reason they're great is that they're almost exactly what an investor would ask. And that makes sense: a startup's earliest employees are also its most committed investors.
  • by olliej on 6/28/22, 10:58 PM

    These all seem like the basic questions I'd be asking during any interview - with the exception of runway, because I don't like startup culture (though if I were applying I sure as hell would be checking this) - and I don't think I'm significantly different from people I've interviewed.

    I'm not sure why this guy's experience is so different from mine? I assume it's related to hiring/recruitment orientation (more junior/inexperienced folk?). The big one I could imagine is people failing to ask the "will the company still exist in 6 months?" question due to a default assumption that companies don't die?

  • by hpcjoe on 6/28/22, 5:40 PM

    These are good questions. And they can elicit some surprising signals from the company. One place that expressed significant interest in me for a senior leadership position, changed their mind rapidly when I asked about a number of these (early stage startup, so I was more focused on runway, buy in, etc.)

    The strong signal is that a company not willing to share this information, is probably not going to behave well under stress. You can evaluate your risk factors on your own, and decide whether or not you can tolerate that level. But this signal is a strong caveat to taking an offer from them.

  • by gigatexal on 6/28/22, 2:33 PM

    I wish I had asked this to the few startups I’ve joined. Thank you for this list.
  • by snapetom on 6/28/22, 3:02 PM

    I always ask about the sales team - How many are there, how many years experience does the manager have in this sector, what's the experience of account execs, do they use BDRs, are they meeting sales goals.

    Then, further, how does the sales team interact with engineering. How does customer feedback come back to engineering features, who demos, etc.

    It doesn't matter if the engineering is top notch and there's no one to sell it. To me, if a company is past series A and the number of engineers is more than the number of sales employees, that's a warning sign.

  • by sambeau on 6/28/22, 2:06 PM

    An interview is a two-way process. Ask as many questions as you can as you can make a terrible mistake that will badly affect your life.

    The more questions you ask, even ones about company culture and how things are managed will make you look super-interested and that you are already imagining yourself in the role.

    When I interview people I always remind them of this before we start: "Don't forget to interview us back. We might not be what you are looking for". It's surprising how many candidates ignore my advice (which, sadly, makes them look unenthusiastic).

  • by Joel_Mckay on 6/28/22, 2:17 PM

    Missed one question:

    "How much time are we going to spend dealing with unprofessional antics?"

    I'll give you a hint, the question was rhetorical... and the answer should be 0 minutes regardless of the applicant. ;-)

  • by eschneider on 6/28/22, 11:44 PM

    I started a job with a new company back in January. I understood what their product did and how things work need to work technically, but I have to say, it wasn't apparent from my initial research just how good a _business_ it was to be in. And yeah, getting the CEO to run through the business case for it went a long way towards selling me on the company (reasonable tech and nice people didn't hurt, either.)
  • by donretag on 6/28/22, 3:46 PM

    Surprised there are no questions regarding attrition or why people have quit.

    I also ask of the current managers (in the immediate department), how many were promoted and how many were hired. What is the shortest/longest someone in the company has gone with/without a promotion.

    If unlimited PTO, what is the average/mean of days taken off. We do not have data is an immediate "I'll pass, thank you".

  • by corrral on 6/28/22, 3:13 PM

    Ask to join a standup, ideally with the team you'd be on, if they do them. If there are five teams working on unrelated projects all in the same standup and everyone's checked out and they're all clearly only talking to their manager and listing every little thing they did and trouble they overcame yesterday, to justify why they should keep their job... run away.
  • by cardosof on 6/28/22, 3:48 PM

    > If the solution can't be differentiated from its competitors, beware.

    This is critical and not straightforward to evaluate. Complexity is a (if somewhat bad) proxy for differentiation, in the sense that if you can build it in a weekend, so does your competitor - and maybe he's got the mythical 10x engineer who'll ship it faster.

  • by TameAntelope on 6/28/22, 6:37 PM

    Some of this advice seems like it's geared towards people who think they want to work at a startup, but don't. For example:

    > Avoid: Companies that are fundraising as they'll otherwise run out of money, but haven't closed the round

    That excludes a whole category of pre-seed orgs where you could make a huge positive impact.

  • by hindsightRegret on 6/29/22, 9:49 PM

    I agree with asking hard questions, but I think there's a limit to how much one can really expect an individual job applicant to determine the financial state of the company.

    For one, the people that are answering their questions are by pre-condition already drinking the company kool-aid.

  • by sanj on 6/29/22, 3:02 AM

    I wrote a version of this for recruiting almost a decade ago!

    https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1oD7MHHTHBkgkArtF2s8J...

  • by mibzman on 6/28/22, 3:02 PM

    I don't ask challenging questions in interviews because I know I won't get hired if I ask them.
  • by EnderWT on 6/28/22, 2:21 PM

    I always recommend https://www.keyvalues.com/culture-queries for ideas on what to ask because you can narrow down the questions to the aspects of the job that are important to you.
  • by xrisk on 6/28/22, 3:40 PM

    This is more on the banal side, but I just interned at a place with some weird restrictions — Windows machines, you have to remote into them if you want to WFH… stuff that really hampers my productivity.

    I’m going to get this stuff sorted out beforehand before working anywhere in the future.

  • by tzm on 6/28/22, 11:01 PM

    I almost always evaluate the company / team / product from an investor standpoint prior to joining any role (engineering or management). Most people find it funny, odd or refreshing to see conversations turn into an investment of time and resources etc.
  • by mateo411 on 6/28/22, 4:35 PM

    My default question is to ask the interview "If there is one thing you could change about the company, what would it be?"

    It gives you an idea about the pain points that person's role and gives you insight into what the company needs to improve.

  • by Sevii on 6/28/22, 2:53 PM

    My list gets longer with every new job.

    Do you have project managers?

    Do you have product owners?

    Do you fill out timesheets with your working hours?

    Do you use an RPC framework GRPC/etc

    What languages do you use? Are you polyglot?

    What is the promotion process?

    What would you like to see change?

    How big is the company and how big is your organization?

  • by danenania on 6/28/22, 5:18 PM

    A shorthand for this type of advice is to learn about investing and ask the same questions an investor would ask.

    Being a startup employee essentially makes you an angel investor with a single company in your portfolio.

  • by docflabby on 6/28/22, 2:06 PM

    My favorite question is:

    "Describe what a typical day would look like?"

  • by wdb on 6/28/22, 2:33 PM

    Nice list of questions :)) Always good to ask questions about the working culture and how your role looks like as it can heavily differ between companies
  • by vfulco2 on 6/29/22, 2:42 AM

    Very strange, unsure what is going on, but I have not been able to access posthog site for 2 days. On/off VPN from mainland China.
  • by timoteostewart on 6/29/22, 4:41 AM

  • by akhmatova on 6/28/22, 8:02 PM

    "I see your job title says Program Manager / Product Owner / Tech Lead, but tell me please -- what is your real job? Remember, response time is a factor."

    Hoped for (but seldom received) answer: "Why of course - to be your 24x7 shit umbrella."

    Or some honestly inspired variant thereof.

  • by wiseowise on 6/28/22, 7:02 PM

    What's with the influx of interview related topics?
  • by mandeepj on 6/28/22, 1:46 PM

    Few things you don't need to ask and can find out on your own via visiting their website (if they have) and social media (if there's one), and earnings reports as well (if they are public)
  • by autokad on 6/28/22, 11:18 PM

    this is a really good list, I especially like "Who decides what to build?"